I've never heard that idea before, and it's so obvious. All science should be done this way.
It kind of does happen in areas of science that are capital intensive like space, high energy physics, etc., because people hear about what is to be done before it is done, but it's not formalized. It should be, and it should be done with everything.
If we are talking reforms to science procedure, I'd also love to see 30% or so of the research funds locked away, to be then given to another team ideally at another university that get's access only to the original teams' publication and has the goal to reproduce the study. The vast majority of papers released don't contain enough information to actually repeat their work.
It kind of does happen in areas of science that are capital intensive like space, high energy physics, etc., because people hear about what is to be done before it is done, but it's not formalized. It should be, and it should be done with everything.