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that 45% was to a significant extent poor women doing unskilled labor: maids, factory workers, cooks. not office workers

however, shirley did not found her company 'freelance programmers' in 01975

she founded it in 01959

the ensuing 20 years were among the most successful years in history for feminism in the usa and uk, marked by, among other things, rapidly growing female participation in the labor force



Even in 1959, the US labor force participation rate for women was 37%. So since that time, there’s only been about a twenty point increase.

Most people were poor, and married, and with children, so that would make sense if the real issue was underrepresentation in some upper class jobs.


if you were a computer programmer, high school teacher, or secretary before you got married, it might be the case that the only jobs open to you after marriage were factory worker and maid, both involving a substantial risk of sexual abuse and resulting marital rupture. even as a programmer, shirley reported experiencing 'being fondled, being pushed against the wall'

also, if you had a baby, usually you got fired because you couldn't come to work for months or even years (unless you could afford a nanny), and then you had to start your career again from the beginning at a new job

underrepresentation in upper-class jobs was a real issue, but far from the only one




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