Then we could beam the energy back to earth using lasers so bright that they would burn plasma holes through our atmosphere and precisely target receiving stations where they would vaporize water which would power a steam turbine. Totally doable, I'd say we could get it up and running in a couple years.
This sounds like sarcasm, but yes: solar collectors in close orbit around the sun, huge flying parabolic mirrors focusing solar energy that's already 7-10x more dense than it is at 1 AU, beaming that energy to receivers sitting in orbit around the Earth (perhaps at Lagrange 1 and, via L4/L5, L2 to reach the night side of the planet), relayed in to near earth orbit satellites, and being beamed down to many surface locations at safe intensities that might well be used to boil ocean water, driving steam turbines and producing fresh water (and salt).
Such a system could provide energy dense power to the entire solar system (skipping the steam turbine step for most locations, and going pure solar electric), up to large installations for entire planets, and down to individual spaceships.
I'm not suggesting we'll do it tomorrow. But within a hundred years, if we get and keep our shit together..?
Short answer: you can't. The Earth's rotation would make collecting that energy very unwieldy. Individual collectors could act like capacitors, but getting that power down to the planet continuously isn't really doable with any current technology.
You wouldn't beam energy directly from near-solar orbit to the surface of the Earth; you would relay it to orbiting receivers around the planet, which would in turn beam it to the surface, and reaching the night-side as well as day-side.
As soon as somebody figures out how to get the energy from the panels back to earth? Assuming we figure out how to economically put them there in the first place...
The cost would be astronomical, I do not think it would be worth it. Much better to build this here on Earth, only 4x more panels needed, still easier to build and maintain.
